Recent months have been much more interesting for
investors than the previous years. IPO of companies such as People Can Fly[1]
in December or, above all, Allegro, were enthusiastic about investors[2].
Both companies operate in the area of modern technologies, another company to
be listed on the stock exchange in the coming days also combines modern
business (e-commerce) with traditional sales. I think that this company is an
interesting subject for the entry of evaluation and I will try
to find its appropriate share price by comparing it with similar companies.
To write the post, I used mainly information from the investor presentation and
Answear's investment prospectus[3]
and issuer's website .
The following
post is made up of four parts. The first section briefly describes the company.
In the second part, I describe the market situation and the market environment,
then I list the details of the public offering. In the last section I make a
comparative Answear’s valuation which will allow me to estimate the share
price.
Company
In 2011, the
online store www.answear.com was founded, In 2012, Krzysztof Bajołek and
Arkadiusz Bajołek founded the company Wearco sp.z o.o. to which the store's
operations have been transferred. Currently Answear.com is a leading digital
sales platform for branded clothing, footwear and accessories in the region of
Central and Eastern Europe, which has been operating since 2011.
The main target group of the Company are young people (aged 20-40),
looking for new trends and well-known global brands, who like new technologies,
are open to new forms of shopping, value the convenience of shopping and
above-average quality of customer service. The company mainly attracts
customers with above-average income, willing to spend more than PLN 250 in one
order and repeat purchases at least several times a year. According to data for
the first half of 2020, 67.1% of orders were made by women[4].
The company currently operates in 7 countries of Central and Eastern
Europe: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and
Ukraine. Sales are geographically diversified, and none of the markets accounts
for more than 30 percent of total revenues. The store offers about 90 thousand
products of over 350 global brands. Among them are popular clothing brands
(Mango, Vero Moda), sports brands (Adidas, Nike, New Balance), denim brands
(Levi's, Lee, Wrangler), as well as premium brands (Diesel, Guess Jeans, CK,
Tommy Hilfiger, Red Valentino, DKNY). On the other hand, products from the
economic segment are based mainly on our own label(Answear LAB)[5].
The most
important milestones in business include[6]:
2013 - MCI
Capital, through the MCI.Private Ventures FIZ fund, acquired a minority package
to finance the expansion to CEE.
2014-15 -
Starting operations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Ukraine.
2016 - Opening
of business in Hungary, the company's revenues reached 20 million Euros.
2017 -
Launching a mobile application - a new sales channel. In the same year, the
company also introduced a new communication strategy "We Are The
Answear".
2018 –
Starting operations in Bulgaria, the company’s revenues reached 50 million Euros. The
company has also established its own development department to update and
develop its IT system supporting on-line sales.
2019 - Opening of a new warehouse with an area of
39,000 m2 in Kokotów.
September 25,
2020 - In the National Court was renamed the Joint Stock Company for Wearco
Answear.com SA.
According to the development
strategy, presented the company's goal is to maintain a leading role in the
market to achieve this, the company is planning activities in four fields[7]:
Extending the
product range – Answear.com intends to increase by up to 100 percent by 2024.
the number of products available in the assortment on-line store, through the
introduction of new brands to offer and extend the offer of available brands.
According to the company, this should also lead to higher conversion rates,
increase the frequency of purchases and the acquisition of new customers.
Private label development - ANSWEAR LAB provide the ability to generate relatively high margins, which has a positive effect on the profitability of the Company. In addition, the collection offered by ANSWEAR LAB is available only on the Answear platform, which allows you to attract new customers and increase repeat purchases.
Increase sales
on exist market - The active customer base built by the Company is currently
around 0.9 percent. the entire population in 7 countries (approx. 120 million
people) in which Answear operates. Therefore, the Company recognizes the
potential for further development, which will eventually increase the revenue.
Answear wants to win new customers primarily by intensifying marketing
campaigns building brand awareness, as well as extending the product offer.
Development in
new markets - The company is considering launching operations in new markets.
The potential expansion directions include: Russia, Kazakhstan, the Baltic
states and the Balkans. All these markets will be able to be serviced on the
same terms as the others, i.e. from the central warehouse in Kokotów.
After the descriptive part, we can go to the company's financial data
that has been provided in the prospectus. The following table shows the key
financial data of the company:
Table 1. Key
financial data of Answear.com (in million PLN).
|
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
LTM IIIQ 2020 |
Revenues |
145.0 |
220.8 |
311.2 |
369.0 |
Gross profit |
42.8 |
61.9 |
95.8 |
117.5 |
EBIT |
-7.8 |
-7.0 |
4.5 |
15.6 |
EBITDA |
-4.6 |
-3.4 |
9.7 |
23.5 |
Net profit |
-1.9 |
-2.1 |
1.5 |
2.6 |
Assets |
85.0 |
111.1 |
207.3 |
220.5 |
Equity |
27.3 |
35.1 |
54.2 |
58.6 |
Source:
Answear.com prospectus, KRS
The company in the past three years two and a half times increased
revenues, gross profit also grew similarly, it means that revenue growth has
not been at the expense of lowering acquired margins, additionally since 2019
years, the company makes a profit at both the operating and net.
The "dry" financial data alone does not say much. In the
tables below, it shows the values of the most popular factors
Table 2.
Margin analysis Answear.com
|
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
LTM IIIQ 2020 |
Gross Margin |
29.5% |
28.0% |
30.8% |
31.8% |
EBIT Margin |
(5.4%) |
(3.2%) |
1.4% |
4.2% |
EBITDA Margin |
(3.2%) |
(1.5%) |
3.1% |
6.4% |
Net Income Margin |
(6.1%) |
(3.8%) |
3.5% |
1.9% |
Source:
Answear.com prospectus, KRS
Table 3.
Profitability analysis Answear.com
|
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
LTM IIIQ 2020 |
ROA |
(10.2)% |
(7.4)% |
5.2% |
3.2% |
ROE |
(31.2%) |
(23.4%) |
20.0% |
11.9% |
Source:
Answear.com prospectus, KRS
The table
above confirmed the observation of a stable gross profit, and that the company began to
profit since 2019. The following table shows the liquidity, solvency and capital structure ratios.
Table 4. Liquidity analysis Answear.com
|
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
LTM IIIQ 2020 |
Current ratio |
1.3x |
1.3x |
1.3x |
1.3x |
Quick ratio |
0.3x |
0.4x |
0.4x |
0.3x |
Source:
Answear.com prospectus, KRS
The company had minor problems with liquidity. While the current
liquidity ratio is in the lower limits (the optimum is 1.2 to 2.0), the quick
liquidity ratio is definitely too low (the optimum is around 1.0 to 1.2), it means
that the company has a large amount of inventories, it can be associated with a
wide product offer.
Table 5. Basic
capital structure ratios
|
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
LTM IIIQ 2020 |
Debt/Equity |
0.99 |
0,94 |
1,81 |
1.62 |
General debt
ratio |
0.68 |
0.68 |
0.74 |
0.73 |
Source:
Answear.com prospectus, KRS
Table 6.
Solvency ratios
|
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
LTM IIIQ 2020 |
EBIT / Interest Exp. |
NM |
NM |
2,7x |
10,4x |
EBITDA / Interest Exp. |
NM |
NM |
5,8x |
15,6x |
Total Debt/EBITDA |
NM |
NM |
10,1x |
4,0x |
Net Debt/EBITDA |
NM |
NM |
8,8x |
3,7x |
Source:
Answear.com prospectus, KRS
According to
the published data, the company achieved a positive EBITDA result only in 2019, but it
was low given the scale of its operations. In 2020, the result of LTM
September 2020 at the end of the year, significantly increased which allowed space for
improvement.
Market environment
Clothing and
footwear market in Europe[8]
In 2018, the European clothing market was worth approx. EUR 350 billion,
growing on average by 2.3% in 2014-2018. The women's clothing segment is the
largest category accounting for 57% of the total market value. The men's and
children's clothing segments account for 29.7% and 13.3%, respectively. In
2018, 9.2% of sales were e-commerce, nearly 2/3 of sales were through
traditional stores. The table below shows the market forecasts until 2023.
Chart 1.
Forecast of the value (data in EUR billion) of the clothing market in Europe in
2019-2023
Source: PMR, Europe – Apparel Retail, January 2020
In 2018, the European footwear market was worth EUR 80.2 billion,
growing on average in 2014-2018 by 2.2%. The women's footwear segment is the
largest category accounting for 53.7% of the total market value. Marketline
forecasts that the European footwear market will reach a value of EUR 90.6
billion in 2023, growing on average in 2018-2023 by 2.5%. Currently, the
footwear sales segment in stores operating only in the on-line channel
accounts for 7.3% of the market value, however, it is the fastest growing
channel
Chart 2.
Forecast of the value (data in EUR billion) of the shoe market in Europe in
2019-2023
Source: PMR, Europe – Shoe Retail, January 2020
E-commerce
market in Poland:
According to Trinity Group, the value of e-commerce in Poland will
exceed the record PLN 100 billion in 2020 and will grow CAGR by 20% by 2025,
this would mean that the value of the e-commerce market will reach nearly a
quarter of a trillion PLN[9].
In 2019 e-commerce accounted for 10.7% of Polish retail sales, and in 2025 it
will account for 19% of retail sales. One of the drivers of this development is
a pandemic situation which encourages people to change their behaviour.
Chart 3.
Forecast of the value (data in EUR billion) of the e-commerce market in Europe
in 2020-2025
Source: Own study based on the Trinity Group estimates
According to the Company's estimates, the cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR) of the e-commerce market in the CEE region in 2011-2021 will amount to 17.3%. in 2021, the value of the market will reach EUR 39 billion (nearly PLN 180 billion), which is almost 1.5 times more than the size of the Polish e-commerce market.
Direct
competitors:
The characteristics and geographic
reach of the company's largest competitors in the e-commerce sector in the
markets in which Answear.com operates are presented in the table below[10].
Table 7.
Market Competitors
Shop |
Owner |
Description |
About you |
ABOUT YOU GmbH |
German fashion on-line store. It offers clothing, footwear,
accessories and sports goods from several hundred brands offered for sale
from its own warehouse as well as in the marketplace model. It operates in
countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary, |
Allegro |
Allegro.eu SA |
The company with the e-commerce, whose activity is based primarily on
running the largest on-line trading platform in Poland. The Allegro.pl
platform allows you to submit purchase and sale offers, among others, for
clothing and footwear, which makes it an indirect competitor on the Polish
market. |
Bonprix |
Otto (GmbH & Co KG) |
Bonprix is a Mail-Order House, part of the largest concern of this
type in the world, OTTO Versand from Hamburg. It operates in several major
European countries: Germany, France, Italy, Great Britain, the Netherlands,
Belgium, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Switzerland and
Russia. |
e-obuwie |
CCC S.A. |
A Polish brand from the CCC group, dealing with online sales of
footwear, bags and accessories in a multi-brand formula. It operates in the
same markets as Answear.com. CCC is intensively looking for a minority
investor who will help in further expansion[11]. |
Fashion Days |
EMag group |
Online clothes seller from Romania, part of the EMag group operating
mainly in the electronics and household appliances segment. Its offer
includes hundreds of thousands of products of various brands (including
premium brands) in the categories of clothing, footwear and accessories for
women, men and children. It sells and at the same time is competitive in
Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary. |
Modivo |
CCC S.A. |
Part of the CCC group, operates in the same markets as Answear.com,
focusing on premium brands. |
Zalando |
Zalando SE |
A German online retailer that offers a very wide range of clothing,
footwear and accessories. It is the largest clothing and footwear e-commerce
site in Europe. |
Zoot |
ZOOT a.s |
ZOOT a.s. operates as an online fashion retailer. It retails clothes,
boots, and accessories for men, women, and children through its web platform
and mobile application. |
Source:
Prospectus, Internet
The list of the prospectus includes a few more companies that operate in specific market or some activities coincide.
IPO Details
The public offering concerns the
sale of 1,380,645 existing ordinary registered series A shares belonging to MCI
Capital and the public subscription of 1,841 million newly issued series D
shares of the Company. The issue price was set at 25 zł. The Company also wants to allow trading in all series of shares: 14.671 million ordinary registered shares of
series A, 367 thousand shares of Series B ordinary registered shares, 311 thou.
Shares of Series C and 1.841 million
shares of new issue.
A characteristic feature is the
division of the public offering into the part addressed to individual investors
(20%) and institutional investors (80%). In this case, no distinction was made
between the issue price among the types of investors. The offer turned out to
be extremely popular among individual investors who remember the great IPO of
the e-commerce market giant - Allegro. Even before the worlds, the shares were
allotted, the reduction rate was 96.6%[12].
Such value of the issue allows to conclude that the value of the post-money
company is approximately PLN 430 million, which with the new issue of PLN 45
million gives a pre-money valuation of PLN 385 million.
The company intended to obtain about PLN 65 million from the market,
which meant offering shares at PLN 36.50, which means that the shares were sold
at a significant discount compared to the issue price[13].
The new issue is to be used for:
Table 8.
Planned capital expenditures
Capital
expenditures |
Value |
Expansion of the product offer |
25 mln PLN |
Marketing expenses in the markets in which the Company operates now |
20 mln PLN |
Development of activities in new markets |
10 mln PLN |
Development of Own Label |
5 mln PLN |
Investments in the development of warehouse and IT infrastructure. |
5 mln PLN |
Source:
Investor presentation of Answear.com, p.15
Comparable analysis
As in the case of CD Projekt, I will use multipliers to evaluate the company, for this purpose I have selected several companies with similar activities. The table below shows a brief description of comparable entities.
Table 9.
Listed comparable entities
Company |
Country |
Business
description |
Adler Modemärkte AG |
Germany |
Adler Modemärkte AG operates as a clothing retailer. It offers a range of products, including womenswear, menswear, and underwear; and accessories, footwear, kids wear and babywear, traditional dresses, and durable goods under the ADLER brand name, as well as under the external brands. |
Boozt AB |
Sweden |
Boozt AB (publ), together with its subsidiaries, sells fashion,
apparel, and beauty products online. The company operates Boozt.com, a
multi-brand Webstore with approximately 600 brand partners for women, men,
kids, sports and athleisure, beauty, and home products. The Booztlet.com
operates as a channel for inventory clearance and retailing items that were
not sold during their allotted timeframe in the Webstores. |
CCC S.A. |
Poland |
CCC S.A. engages in the manufacture, wholesale, and retail of footwear
for men, women, and children in Poland, CEE and internationally. It operates
approximately 1,000 stores in 22 countries. The company also sells its
products through eobuwie.pl, an online store; and e-commerce channel, Vögele
Shoes. The company was formerly known as NG2 S.A. |
Footway Group AB |
Sweden |
Footway Group AB (publ) operates an online shoe store. |
N Brown Group plc |
United Kingdom |
N Brown Group plc operates as a digital fashion retailer in the United
Kingdom. The company offers a range of clothing, footwear, and homeware
products for men, women, and kids |
Shoe Zone plc |
United Kingdom |
Shoe Zone plc operates as a footwear retailer in the United Kingdom
and the Republic of Ireland. It operates 500 stores and in e-commerce sector
as shoezone.com |
Tom Tailor Holding SE |
Germany |
TOM TAILOR Holding SE, an integrated fashion and lifestyle company,
provides casual wear and accessories for women, men, and kids primarily under
the TOM TAILOR and BONITA brand names. The company sells its products
directly to end customers through company owned stores, as well as through an
e-commerce site; and through franchise stores, shop-in-shops, and multi-label
stores. |
Zalando SE |
Germany |
Zalando SE operates as an online fashion and lifestyle retailer in
Europe. It offers a range of products, including shoes, apparel, accessories,
and beauty products for women, men, and children. |
Source:
Internet page of companies
The table below shows the company's basic financial data compared to
Answear.com
Table 10.
Basic financial data (in mln euro).
Company Name |
LTM Total Revenue |
LTM EBITDA |
LTM EBIT |
Adler Modemärkte AG |
380.8 |
-18.8 |
-24.7 |
Boozt AB (publ) |
396.5 |
27.9 |
22.0 |
CCC S.A. |
1 246.7 |
-107.3 |
-102.3 |
Footway Group AB (publ) |
96.5 |
2.1 |
1.4 |
N Brown Group plc |
875.3 |
81.6 |
76.8 |
Shoe Zone plc |
176.9 |
11.7 |
7.9 |
Tom Tailor Holding SE |
818.9 |
-13.4 |
-37.7 |
Zalando SE |
7 394.6 |
391.9 |
300.0 |
Answear.com[14] |
81.0 |
5.2 |
3.4 |
Source:
Financial statements of companies
Answear.com is a much smaller entity than the listed companies. In the
table below, I will show the achieved profitability of individual companies.
Table 11.
Margin analysis of comparable companies.
Company Name |
LTM Gross Margin % |
LTM EBITDA Margin % |
LTM EBIT Margin % |
LTM Net Income Margin % |
Adler Modemärkte AG |
50.3% |
-4.9% |
-6.5% |
-12.5% |
Boozt AB (publ) |
33.6% |
7.0% |
5.6% |
3.2% |
CCC S.A. |
46.6% |
-8.6% |
-8.2% |
-15.3% |
Footway Group AB (publ) |
34.5% |
2.2% |
1.4% |
0.37% |
N Brown Group plc |
46.3% |
9.3% |
8.8% |
3.3% |
Shoe Zone plc |
16.6% |
6.6% |
4.5% |
1.8% |
Tom Tailor Holding SE |
56.9% |
-1.6% |
-4.6% |
-26.8% |
Zalando SE |
42.3% |
5.3% |
4.1% |
2.4% |
Median |
44.3% |
3. % |
2.8% |
1.1% |
Average |
40.9% |
1.9% |
0.6% |
-5.4% |
Answear.com |
31.8% |
6.4% |
4.2% |
1.9% |
Source:
Financial statements of companies, own calculation
The company achieves better margins than the average results of the peers,
despite the lower gross profit margin.
We can now proceed to the final valuation, the table below shows the
value of the market multipliers of comparable companies.
Table 12.
Market multipliers at 30/12/2020
Company Name |
LTM Total Revenue (mln eur) |
TEV/Total Revenues |
TEV/EBITDA |
P/E |
Zalando SE |
7 394.6 |
3.0x |
47.9x |
138.8x |
CCC S.A. |
1 246.7 |
1.4x |
NM |
NM |
N Brown Group plc |
875.3 |
0.9x |
9.3x |
6.7x |
Tom Tailor Holding SE |
818.9 |
0.7x |
7.9x |
NM |
Boozt AB (publ) |
396.5 |
2.9x |
35.2x |
88.1x |
Adler Modemärkte AG |
380.8 |
0.7x |
15.0x |
NM |
Shoe Zone plc |
176.9 |
0.2x |
1.0x |
11.4x |
Footway Group AB (publ) |
96.5 |
2.6x |
120.7x |
NM |
Average |
- |
1.6x |
33.9x |
61.3x |
Median |
- |
1.2x |
15.0x |
49.8x |
Source:
Financial statements of companies, www.investing.com
Due to the significant spread of obtained multipliers will be
used for the valuation of both measures. The result seems to be a acceptable multipliers. A certain reference to these values is the case related to the
search for a minority investor for eobuwie (74.99% owned by CCC S.A.) CCC want to
obtain PLN 0.4 - 0.5 billion for a minority stake. According to PAP Biznes
calculations, eobuwie revenues.pl for 2019 (including estimated data for the
fourth quarter) reached PLN 1.41 billion[15].
Assuming optimistically that revenues in 2020 grew by 20%, it would give
about 1.7 billion revenues. Assuming that the sale of CCC from 20% to 24.99% of
the shares (not to lose direct control) would give a value of EV / Revenue of
1.0x - 1.5x, which is the same as with my calculations. This is much more than
when CCC took over the majority share in eobuwie in 2015, when, according to my
calculations, it was significantly below 1.0x (about 0.8x)[16].
For the valuation, I will use two multipliers based on Enterprise value (EV / Revenue and EV / EBITDA), i.e. equity value increased by the value of liabilities and adjusted for cash. Due to the lack of data for the entire 2020, it will use LTM financial data at the end of September 2020.
A curiosity appears in the
case of interest debt. The table below presents Answear.com's payables as at
30/09/2020.
Table 13. Answear,s.com
payables on 30/09/2020
Thou. PLN |
30/09/2020 |
31/12/2020 |
Non-current liabilities |
61 080 |
55 319 |
Non-current lease
liabilities |
60 016 |
54 020 |
Provision for deferred
income tax |
1 064 |
1 299 |
Current liabilities |
100 854 |
97 694 |
Trade creditors |
47 916 |
44 778 |
Credits, loans and other debt instruments |
26 240 |
38 991 |
Current lease liabilities |
8 669 |
5 436 |
Liabilities and provisions
for employee benefits |
4 355 |
3 701 |
Short-term prepayments |
13 674 |
4 788 |
Total liabilities |
161 394 |
153 013 |
Source:
Answar’s.com prospectus, p.117-118
In accordance with IFRS 16 - Leasing[17],
introduced from January 1, 2019, the company's real estate was classified as
liabilities. For the purposes of the valuation, it does not recognize leases as
interest debt, as well as assets classified as short-term leases, because it
concerns real estate (mainly current lease payments). Where there is a division
of leasing into real estate leasing and other leasing, I would include such assets
as interest debt. In the valuation I assumed that only credits, loans and other debt instruments constitute interest debt with a
book value of PLN 26.024 million.
Table 14.
“Median” CCA Valuation (in mln pln)
|
EV/Revenue |
EV/EBITDA |
LTM Revenue/Ebitda |
369.0 |
23.5 |
Multipliers |
1.2x |
15.0x |
Enterprise
value |
424.4 |
352.5 |
+ Cash |
6.7 |
6.7 |
- Debt |
26.2 |
26.2 |
Equity Value (mln pln) |
404.8 |
333.0 |
Weight |
50% |
50% |
Average Equity value |
368.9 |
|
Share outstanding (in mln) |
17.19 |
|
Share price (in pln) |
21.46 |
Source: Own
study
Table 15.
“Average” CCA Valuation (in mln pln)
|
EV/Revenue |
EV/EBITDA |
LTM Revenue/Ebitda |
369.0 |
23.5 |
Multipliers |
1.6x |
19.4x |
Enterprise value |
572.0 |
455.5 |
+ Cash |
6.7 |
6.7 |
- Debt |
26.2 |
26.2 |
Equity Value |
552.4 |
436.0 |
Weight |
50% |
50% |
Average Equity value |
494.2 |
|
Share outstanding |
17.19 |
|
Share price |
28.75 |
Source: Own
study
Table 16.
Share price of Answear.com
|
Median CCA |
Average CCA |
Share price |
21,46 |
28,75 |
Weight |
50% |
50% |
Average share price |
25.11 |
Source: Own
study
The value of shares according to the comparative method was set at PLN
25.11. This means that the issue price is close to the fair price. The increase
in the share price may be affected:
- -lack financial data for Q4 2020, which could have been
much better than the data for Q4 2019,
- -possible higher growth potential than companies in the
comparative group (for example companies in trouble, like the Polish CCC S.A.
and operating only in mature markets).
Conclusion
The Answear.com IPO is undoubtedly one of the most interesting events at
the beginning of the year on the Polish Capital Market, additionally reinforced
by the influence that the Allegro.eu SA IPO had on the market. The company is
developing dynamically, however, it also has problems that have been noticed by
investors (the issue price is over 30% lower than the maximum price). I believe
that the issue price is set at a high level (EV / Revenue multiplier at a level
similar to that of eobuwie.pl four times higher) and the first trading day may
be extremely interesting (in my opinion, many investors are counting on a
similar situation to Allegro, which on the first trading day grew by over 50%
at the opening).
In the course of the post, we can notice the greatest problems of
comparative methods, which are the subjectivity of the group adopted and the
use of historical financial data susceptible to manipulation. With the right
choice of the comparative group, we can get completely different results, If we
use the mean instead of the median. However, I think that the biggest problem
results from the wrong assessment of the growth assets of the company being
valued or the dynamically changing market situation for individuals - in the CCA
method, it is considered that the company is the same as those in the
comparative group. The use of income methods is much more standardized and does
not arouse such great controversy. Many of these imperfections can be
eliminated using profitable methods[18]. In the opinion of the
cited author, "valuation is a craft" I also agree with this[19]
and in the next post I will try to use these theorem.
[1] https://peoplecanfly.com/ipo/ [accesed 2 January 2020].
[2] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-09-29/allegro-prices-2-3-billion-warsaw-ipo-at-top-end-of-range [accesed 2 January 2020].
[3] https://answear.com/relacje-inwestorskie [accesed 2 January 2020].
[4] Answear.com Prospectus, p.74
[5] https://answear.com/relacje-inwestorskie/ir/spolka/profil-dzialalnosci [accesed 2 January 2020].
[6] Answear.com Prospectus, p.73-75
[7] https://answear.com/relacje-inwestorskie/ir/spolka/strategia-rozwoju [accesed 2 January 2020].
[8] Answear.com Prospectus, p.55-56
[9] https://www.money.pl/gielda/unity-group-wartosc-rynku-e-commerce-przekroczy-100-mld-zl-w-2020-r-6556376205256321a.html [Accesed 3 January 2021].
[10] Answear.com Prospectus, p.71-72,
internet
[11] https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/CCC-chce-miec-przed-swietami-krotka-liste-inwestorow-dla-eobuwie-7989993.html [accesed 3 January 2020].
[12] https://www.money.pl/gielda/redukcja-w-transzy-detal-w-ipo-answear-com-to-96-6-debiut-planowany-na-8-i-6589411263719041a.html [accesed 3 January 2020].
[13] https://www.pb.pl/answer-com-sprzedal-sie-z-rabatem-1103655 [accesed 3 January 2020].
[14] LTM 30.09.2020 Financial data
[15] https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/CCC-zaklada-do-22-rentownosc-operacyjna-bez-MSSF16-8-5-9-5-proc-i-rentownosc-netto-ze-sprzedazy-7-8-proc-7812001.html [accesed 3 January 2020].
[16] https://www.pb.pl/ccc-inwestuje-w-eobuwie-pl-803648 [accesed 3 January 2020].
[17] You can find an explanation of the IFRS 16 - https://www.pwc.pl/pl/podcast/wdrozenie-mssf16.html [accesed 4
January 2020].
[18]
http://people.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/pdfiles/country/valalldayEurope2016.pdf
[19] for me, however, it is more of an artistic craft.